Canada has an international reputation as a culturally diverse nation with a policy and ethos of multiculturalism. Frequently compared to the US, many believe that Canadians “get it” as far as race relations are concerned.
Yet this month, three photographs surfaced of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau – two in blackface and one in brownface. The 200-year-old practice of non-black performers darkening their skin in a caricature has long since been deemed racist. Mr Trudeau has admitted he does not know how many more photos or incidents of him wearing blackface took place, making it abundantly clear this was not a one-off transgression in his past but a recurring part of it.
The episodes involving Mr Trudeau, dating from his high school days to his time as a teacher at an elite school in his late 20s, did not take place in isolation. Blackface has been a central part of Canadian culture, as embedded in the national psyche as hockey.
The genre began in North America in the 1830s and 1840s. The minstrel show, a blend of music, dance, burlesque and comedy, centred on white men who would wear dark make-up made of a combination of burned, crushed champagne corks and water or petroleum jelly. The men would speak and sing in mock black vernacular dialect.
The shows echoed the story of slavery and black migration, with caricatures to boot, from Zip Coon, the black dandy with affectations and mannerisms to match his former slave masters, to Jim Crow, the happy, errant subordinate. They were pitted against one another in dramas perpetuating those stereotypes – one in the city and one on the plantation. This genre was the first distinctly American form of publicly staged commercial entertainment.
To perform blackface in the 21st century is to do so in a milieu where black and brown people are white Canadians' neighbours, students and peers. This was not the case a century ago
While blackface was created in the US to entertain white audiences, because it was dependent on audiences fluent in English (and slavery), it penetrated the English-speaking world. Far from being relegated to the confines of history, it is still performed in many countries, including Canada. In 2016, a female fan attending the Australian Open appeared in blackface, supposedly in support of tennis star Serena Williams. That was followed last year by three Australian footballers wearing blackface to mimic Williams and her sister Venus for an end-of-season celebration. And in Padstow in Cornwall, southwest England, residents have resisted protests to continue staging their Mummers' Day festival every year, which involves them blackening their faces and singing minstrel songs. The only concession they made was to change the name of the event from "Darkie Day".
In Toronto, blackface minstrel troupes first appeared in the early 1840s. There is clear evidence that members of Toronto's black community petitioned the city council annually until 1843 to prohibit these touring minstrel shows but by the end of the decade, blackface continued to draw large audiences to Toronto's theatres. There is also evidence that blackface has been performed across the country since the 1860s. The minstrel performance of Uncle Tom's Cabin was one of the most popular.
Mr Trudeau has admitted he does not know how many more photos of him wearing blackface took place, making it clear this was not a one-off
By the 1920s and 1930s, professional blackface theatre was no longer as common. During this period, amateur, localised blackface was performed in churches, department stores, high schools, athletic clubs, women's auxiliary groups, summer camps, public parks and as fundraisers for the First World War. These shows reproduced the themes and songs of early minstrelsy. By the 1940s, blackface was no longer advertised in city newspapers and the professional touring troupes were no more but the genre was still commonly performed.
Since the 1990s, blackface at universities (primarily during Halloween or freshman events), involving white students dressed up as Jamaicans with fake dreadlocks, have made headlines after photographs were posted on social media. While black community representatives expressed outrage about these incidents and university officials unequivocally denounced the behaviour as inappropriate and racist, there have been instances where blackface has been defended. For instance, earlier this year, in a book about Canadian universities, Peter MacKinnon, the interim president at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, referred to costume parties involving white students in blackface as “just Halloween parties” and claimed there was a “lack of proportion in the responses to them”. Students at the university subsequently called for his resignation. However, Mr MacKinnon continued in his post for his full six-month term.
In the last few days, I have had many white people emailing me to tell me about the blackface show they performed in as a child or the photograph of a family member in a blackface performance. This is symptomatic of how endemic blackface really was – and is – in Canada. Canada’s indigenous communities have battled against discrimination and racial mimicry for centuries. As a result, many indigenous leaders in Canada have publicly condemned Mr Trudeau.
To perform blackface in the 21st century is to do so in a milieu where black and brown people are white Canadians' neighbours, students and peers. This was not the case a century ago.
In my own lifetime, I have personally experienced blackface at high school and university and not only is it offensive to me, it is also extremely hurtful. So why did Mr Trudeau do this?
Born into privilege in Ottawa, the nation’s capital, in 1971, Mr Trudeau, the eldest son of the former prime minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, attended McGill University in Montreal, as did I, and then worked as a teacher in Vancouver at West Point Academy, a private day school. He also held jobs as a camp counsellor and snowboard instructor. This seemingly “normal” life helped to frame his public image as just another regular guy, not one of the elite.
In 2007, Mr Trudeau was nominated as a candidate for the Liberal Party, which his father had helped make synonymous with multiculturalism and diversity, representing the district of Papineau in Montreal. In 2013, he won the leadership of the Liberal Party and went on to become prime minister in the federal election two years later.
By all accounts, Mr Trudeau has always presented himself as a paragon of virtue and of tolerance. He has ingratiated himself upon the media and been featured in Vogue, GQ and other magazines, sometimes with his wife Sophie – a rarity for a politician but no doubt helped by the fact he is an attractive white male with style.
The Trudeaumania that accompanied his rise to power echoed the excitement and frenzy generated by his father becoming prime minister in 1968. Unlike his father, however, this prime minister has had his fair share of gaffes and missteps.
Most notably, he was mocked for donning traditional attire during his trip to India last year and participating in publicity stunts, such as a 2012 fundraiser boxing match with Conservative senator Patrick Brazeau that was broadcast live on Canadian television.
Politically, his record was initially quite favourable. From the outset, he was a champion for gender diversity, even declaring himself a feminist; he also publicly announced that Canada welcomed new immigrants, a move in stark contrast to US President Donald Trump’s anti-immigration policies.
This year, however, has been marked by faux pas. His move to approve the TransCanada pipeline, which will run directly through First Nations territory, with the potential to pollute and destroy indigenous lands, has angered many environmental activists and indigenous communities, particularly as he has done little to improve the living conditions on reservations. Last month Canada's Ethics Commissioner Mario Dion found Mr Trudeau improperly influenced then attorney general Jody Wilson-Raybould by exerting pressure on her over an ongoing criminal case against SNC-Lavalin, a Quebec-based engineering, procurement and construction company. The Liberal government has maintained there was no undue pressure and that Mr Trudeau's intention was to save jobs, but the episode has served to diminish trust in the prime minister. The blackface photos, then, have simply ramped up the debate about his integrity.
Whether you agree or not that Mr Trudeau's blackface incident was racist, he clearly lacks racial knowledge and that is one and the same thing
There are those among black and indigenous communities who disagree. They argue that blackface is just costuming and done in jest. All the brouhaha is just noise, they say, distracting us from larger issues. At the same time, recent polls have shown a divided electorate.
One survey conducted by Abacus Data found the blackface episode did not have a big impact on his popularity. However, a separate poll conducted by Nanos showed more people are now “unsure” who would make the best prime minister. One pollster has called it a “massive cannonball” striking at the heart of his image and potentially damaging his chances of re-election next month.
When Canadians head to the polls on October 21, Mr Trudeau’s leadership skills will also be on the ballot. Many think he should step down. If a member of parliament was caught with similar photos, they would have had to resign. And yet, Mr Trudeau marches on. He has apologised for his behaviour, blamed it on his “layers of privilege” and pleaded ignorance – but that’s about it.
Whether you agree or not that Mr Trudeau's blackface incident was racist, he clearly lacks racial knowledge and that, in some ways, is one and the same thing. His blackface has struck a chord with the nation – and the world – because it reveals how entrenched racism is in Canadian culture. What he now needs to do is engage in a thoughtful conversation about that racism and answer tough questions from the people he has harmed. That should be followed by instituting policies that seek to eradicate racism. His image has been tarnished and it will take a lot more than rhetoric to restore its sheen.
Dr Cheryl Thompson is an assistant professor at Ryerson University in Toronto and the author of Beauty in a Box: Detangling the Roots of Canada's Black Beauty Culture. Her book Uncle: Race, Nostalgia and the Politics of Loyalty will be published next year
World Series
Game 1: Red Sox 8, Dodgers 4
Game 2: Red Sox 4, Dodgers 2
Game 3: Saturday (UAE)
* if needed
Game 4: Sunday
Game 5: Monday
Game 6: Wednesday
Game 7: Thursday
Jawan
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EAtlee%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStars%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Shah%20Rukh%20Khan%2C%20Nayanthara%2C%20Vijay%20Sethupathi%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E4%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Mercedes V250 Avantgarde specs
Engine: 2.0-litre in-line four-cylinder turbo
Gearbox: 7-speed automatic
Power: 211hp at 5,500rpm
Torque: 350Nm
Fuel economy, combined: 6.0 l/100 km
Price: Dh235,000
TV: World Cup Qualifier 2018 matches will be aired on on OSN Sports HD Cricket channel
CHATGPT%20ENTERPRISE%20FEATURES
%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Enterprise-grade%20security%20and%20privacy%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Unlimited%20higher-speed%20GPT-4%20access%20with%20no%20caps%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Longer%20context%20windows%20for%20processing%20longer%20inputs%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Advanced%20data%20analysis%20capabilities%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Customisation%20options%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Shareable%20chat%20templates%20that%20companies%20can%20use%20to%20collaborate%20and%20build%20common%20workflows%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Analytics%20dashboard%20for%20usage%20insights%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%A2%20Free%20credits%20to%20use%20OpenAI%20APIs%20to%20extend%20OpenAI%20into%20a%20fully-custom%20solution%20for%20enterprises%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
RACE CARD
6.30pm Al Maktoum Challenge Round-1 Group 1 (PA) Dh119,373 (Dirt) 1,600m
7.05pm Handicap (TB) Dh102,500 (D) 1,200m
7.40pm Handicap (TB) Dh105,000 (Turf) 1,800m
8.15pm UAE 1000 Guineas Trial (TB) Dh183,650 (D) 1,400m
9.50pm Handicap (TB) Dh105,000 (D) 1,600m
9.25pm Handicap (TB) Dh95,000 (T) 1,000m
'Gold'
Director:Anthony Hayes
Stars:Zaf Efron, Anthony Hayes
Rating:3/5
Walls
Louis Tomlinson
3 out of 5 stars
(Syco Music/Arista Records)
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Company Profile:
Name: The Protein Bakeshop
Date of start: 2013
Founders: Rashi Chowdhary and Saad Umerani
Based: Dubai
Size, number of employees: 12
Funding/investors: $400,000 (2018)
Mica
Director: Ismael Ferroukhi
Stars: Zakaria Inan, Sabrina Ouazani
3 stars
Guns N’ Roses’s last gig before Abu Dhabi was in Hong Kong on November 21. We were there – and here’s what they played, and in what order. You were warned.
- It’s So Easy
- Mr Brownstone
- Chinese Democracy
- Welcome to the Jungle
- Double Talkin’ Jive
- Better
- Estranged
- Live and Let Die (Wings cover)
- Slither (Velvet Revolver cover)
- Rocket Queen
- You Could Be Mine
- Shadow of Your Love
- Attitude (Misfits cover)
- Civil War
- Coma
- Love Theme from The Godfather (movie cover)
- Sweet Child O’ Mine
- Wichita Lineman (Jimmy Webb cover)
- Wish You Were Here (instrumental Pink Floyd cover)
- November Rain
- Black Hole Sun (Soundgarden cover)
- Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door (Bob Dylan cover)
- Nightrain
Encore:
- Patience
- Don’t Cry
- The Seeker (The Who cover)
- Paradise City
Western Region Asia Cup T20 Qualifier
Sun Feb 23 – Thu Feb 27, Al Amerat, Oman
The two finalists advance to the Asia qualifier in Malaysia in August
Group A
Bahrain, Maldives, Oman, Qatar
Group B
UAE, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
Schedule:
Pakistan v Sri Lanka:
28 Sep-2 Oct, 1st Test, Abu Dhabi
6-10 Oct, 2nd Test (day-night), Dubai
13 Oct, 1st ODI, Dubai
16 Oct, 2nd ODI, Abu Dhabi
18 Oct, 3rd ODI, Abu Dhabi
20 Oct, 4th ODI, Sharjah
23 Oct, 5th ODI, Sharjah
26 Oct, 1st T20I, Abu Dhabi
27 Oct, 2nd T20I, Abu Dhabi
29 Oct, 3rd T20I, Lahore
What is the Supreme Petroleum Council?
The Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council was established in 1988 and is the highest governing body in Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas industry. The council formulates, oversees and executes the emirate’s petroleum-related policies. It also approves the allocation of capital spending across state-owned Adnoc’s upstream, downstream and midstream operations and functions as the company’s board of directors. The SPC’s mandate is also required for auctioning oil and gas concessions in Abu Dhabi and for awarding blocks to international oil companies. The council is chaired by Sheikh Khalifa, the President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi while Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, is the vice chairman.
ELIO
Starring: Yonas Kibreab, Zoe Saldana, Brad Garrett
Directors: Madeline Sharafian, Domee Shi, Adrian Molina
Rating: 4/5
SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20SAMSUNG%20GALAXY%20Z%20FLIP%204
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The%20specs
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEngine%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202-litre%204-cylinder%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E153hp%20at%206%2C000rpm%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E200Nm%20at%204%2C000rpm%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E6-speed%20auto%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFuel%20consumption%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E6.3L%2F100km%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDh106%2C900%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3Enow%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
RESULTS
5pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 2,200m
Winner: Arjan, Fabrice Veron (jockey), Eric Lemartinel (trainer).
5.30pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 1,400m
Winner: Jap Nazaa, Royston Ffrench, Irfan Ellahi.
6pm: Al Ruwais Group 3 (PA) Dh300,000 1,200m
Winner: RB Lam Tara, Fabrice Veron, Eric Lemartinal.
6.30pm: Shadwell Gold Cup Prestige Dh125,000 1,600m
Winner: AF Sanad, Bernardo Pinheiro, Khalifa Al Neyadi.
7pm: Shadwell Farm Stallions Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 1,600m
Winner: Jawal Al Reef, Patrick Cosgrave, Abdallah Al Hammadi.
7.30pm: Maiden (TB) Dh80,000 1,600m
Winner: Dubai Canal, Harry Bentley, Satish Seemar.
UAE's role in anti-extremism recognised
General John Allen, President of the Brookings Institution research group, commended the role the UAE has played in the fight against terrorism and violent extremism.
He told a Globsec debate of the UAE’s "hugely outsized" role in the fight against Isis.
"It’s trite these days to say that any country punches above its weight, but in every possible way the Emirates did, both militarily, and very importantly, the UAE was extraordinarily helpful on getting to the issue of violent extremism," he said.
He also noted the impact that Hedayah, among others in the UAE, has played in addressing violent extremism.
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
Labour dispute
The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.
- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law
AIDA%20RETURNS
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ECarol%20Mansour%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarring%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EAida%20Abboud%2C%20Carol%20Mansour%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%203.5.%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
'The Batman'
Stars:Robert Pattinson
Director:Matt Reeves
Rating: 5/5
The specs
AT4 Ultimate, as tested
Engine: 6.2-litre V8
Power: 420hp
Torque: 623Nm
Transmission: 10-speed automatic
Price: From Dh330,800 (Elevation: Dh236,400; AT4: Dh286,800; Denali: Dh345,800)
On sale: Now
ON%20TRACK
%3Cp%3EThe%20Dubai%20Metaverse%20Assembly%20will%20host%20three%20main%20tracks%3A%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEducate%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Consists%20of%20more%20than%2010%20in-depth%20sessions%20on%20the%20metaverse%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EInspire%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Will%20showcase%20use%20cases%20of%20the%20metaverse%20in%20tourism%2C%20logistics%2C%20retail%2C%20education%20and%20health%20care%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EContribute%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Workshops%20for%20metaverse%20foresight%20and%20use-case%20reviews%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
ENGLAND SQUAD
Goalkeepers Pickford (Everton), Pope (Burnley), Henderson (Manchester United)
Defenders Alexander-Arnold (Liverpool), Chilwell (Chelsea), Coady (Wolves), Dier (Tottenham), Gomez (Liverpool), James (Chelsea), Keane (Everton), Maguire (Manchester United), Maitland-Niles (Arsenal), Mings (Aston Villa), Saka (Arsenal), Trippier (Atletico Madrid), Walker (Manchester City)
Midfielders: Foden (Manchester City), Henderson (Liverpool), Grealish (Aston Villa), Mount (Chelsea), Rice (West Ham), Ward-Prowse (Southampton), Winks (Tottenham)
Forwards: Abraham (Chelsea), Calvert-Lewin (Everton), Kane (Tottenham), Rashford (Manchester United), Sancho (Borussia Dortmund), Sterling (Manchester City)
Indoor cricket in a nutshell
Indoor cricket in a nutshell
Indoor Cricket World Cup - Sept 16-20, Insportz, Dubai
16 Indoor cricket matches are 16 overs per side
8 There are eight players per team
9 There have been nine Indoor Cricket World Cups for men. Australia have won every one.
5 Five runs are deducted from the score when a wickets falls
4 Batsmen bat in pairs, facing four overs per partnership
Scoring In indoor cricket, runs are scored by way of both physical and bonus runs. Physical runs are scored by both batsmen completing a run from one crease to the other. Bonus runs are scored when the ball hits a net in different zones, but only when at least one physical run is score.
Zones
A Front net, behind the striker and wicketkeeper: 0 runs
B Side nets, between the striker and halfway down the pitch: 1 run
C Side nets between halfway and the bowlers end: 2 runs
D Back net: 4 runs on the bounce, 6 runs on the full
Don't get fined
The UAE FTA requires following to be kept:
- Records of all supplies and imports of goods and services
- All tax invoices and tax credit notes
- Alternative documents related to receiving goods or services
- All tax invoices and tax credit notes
- Alternative documents issued
- Records of goods and services that have been disposed of or used for matters not related to business
Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
Results
United States beat UAE by three wickets
United States beat Scotland by 35 runs
UAE v Scotland – no result
United States beat UAE by 98 runs
Scotland beat United States by four wickets
Fixtures
Sunday, 10am, ICC Academy, Dubai - UAE v Scotland
Admission is free
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
It's up to you to go green
Nils El Accad, chief executive and owner of Organic Foods and Café, says going green is about “lifestyle and attitude” rather than a “money change”; people need to plan ahead to fill water bottles in advance and take their own bags to the supermarket, he says.
“People always want someone else to do the work; it doesn’t work like that,” he adds. “The first step: you have to consciously make that decision and change.”
When he gets a takeaway, says Mr El Accad, he takes his own glass jars instead of accepting disposable aluminium containers, paper napkins and plastic tubs, cutlery and bags from restaurants.
He also plants his own crops and herbs at home and at the Sheikh Zayed store, from basil and rosemary to beans, squashes and papayas. “If you’re going to water anything, better it be tomatoes and cucumbers, something edible, than grass,” he says.
“All this throwaway plastic - cups, bottles, forks - has to go first,” says Mr El Accad, who has banned all disposable straws, whether plastic or even paper, from the café chain.
One of the latest changes he has implemented at his stores is to offer refills of liquid laundry detergent, to save plastic. The two brands Organic Foods stocks, Organic Larder and Sonnett, are both “triple-certified - you could eat the product”.
The Organic Larder detergent will soon be delivered in 200-litre metal oil drums before being decanted into 20-litre containers in-store.
Customers can refill their bottles at least 30 times before they start to degrade, he says. Organic Larder costs Dh35.75 for one litre and Dh62 for 2.75 litres and refills will cost 15 to 20 per cent less, Mr El Accad says.
But while there are savings to be had, going green tends to come with upfront costs and extra work and planning. Are we ready to refill bottles rather than throw them away? “You have to change,” says Mr El Accad. “I can only make it available.”
The BIO:
He became the first Emirati to climb Mount Everest in 2011, from the south section in Nepal
He ascended Mount Everest the next year from the more treacherous north Tibetan side
By 2015, he had completed the Explorers Grand Slam
Last year, he conquered K2, the world’s second-highest mountain located on the Pakistan-Chinese border
He carries dried camel meat, dried dates and a wheat mixture for the final summit push
His new goal is to climb 14 peaks that are more than 8,000 metres above sea level
Aayan%E2%80%99s%20records
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23-man shortlist for next six Hall of Fame inductees
Tony Adams, David Beckham, Dennis Bergkamp, Sol Campbell, Eric Cantona, Andrew Cole, Ashley Cole, Didier Drogba, Les Ferdinand, Rio Ferdinand, Robbie Fowler, Steven Gerrard, Roy Keane, Frank Lampard, Matt Le Tissier, Michael Owen, Peter Schmeichel, Paul Scholes, John Terry, Robin van Persie, Nemanja Vidic, Patrick Viera, Ian Wright.
